The National Eligibility Entrance Test (Postgraduate) (or NEET (PG)) is a qualifying and ranking examination in India, for students who wish to study various postgraduate Doctor of Medicine (MD), Master of Surgery (MS), Diplomate of National Board (DNB), Doctorate of National Board (direct 6 years course in the field of Neurosurgery, Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Pediatric Surgery) and diploma courses, in government or private medical colleges in the country. This exam replaced All India Post Graduate Medical Entrance Examination (AIPGMEE). The exam is conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE). The counselling and seat allotment is conducted by Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS).

Candidates studying in India, having Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree or provisional MBBS pass certificate as per Indian Medical Council Act, and MBBS registration certificate issued by the Indian or state medical council and have completed one year of internship or will be completing the internship, are eligible to apply for the exam.

The candidates having Indian citizenship, but have graduated from any foreign medical college, should qualify the Medical Council of India Screening Test (also called Foreign Medical Graduate Examination). They also need to be registered with Indian or state medical council and have completed one year of internship or will be completing the internship.

The exam is conducted by National Board of Examinations, an autonomous organisation of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. It also conducts exams other National Eligibility cum Entrance Test for Super Specialty courses (SS) and Master of Dental Surgery (MDS)

The examination is computer based, consisting of 200 mcqs multiple choice questions (MCQ) with single response. The language is English only. It is held in 162 test centres across India. For each correct response, four marks are allotted and for each wrong response one mark (25 percent) is deducted. No marks awarded or deducted for an unattempted question. There is an option to mark questions for review whether attempted or unattempted, to check them until the exam ends. Time allotted is 3.5 hours (210 minutes).

The syllabus comprises subjects prescribed by the Graduate Medical Education Regulations issued by Medical Council of India. It includes Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, Preventive and Social Medicine, General Medicine, General Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pediatrics, Otorhinolaryngology, Ophthalmology, Dermatology, Anesthesiology, Radiology, Psychiatry, Orthopaedics.

The application fees for General and Other Backward Classes (OBC) candidates is ₹5,000 (equivalent to ₹5,900 or US$74 in 2023) and for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Person with Disabilities (PwD) candidates is ₹3,835 (equivalent to ₹4,500 or US$57 in 2023). The application process is completely online.

The cutoff marks in the exam is divided into four categories based on the groups of people and castes in India. Cutoffs were reduced in 2020. For General candidates it is 30th percentile, for general but PwD candidates it is a25th percentile, for both SC/ST/OBC and PwD under SC/ST/OBC, it is 20th percentile.

The results of the exam is valid for current admission session, i.e. one year. It can not be carried forward for the next session.

The whole seat pool for Diploma, MD and MS is divided into half. One for medical institutes under central government (which is the all India 50 percent quota) and the rest half for all the respective state medical councils. Seat allotment is done through a centralised counselling procedure. For all India quota it is conducted by DGHS. Merit list of qualified students is prepared based on score and percentile.[3]: 40  Seats are reserved for the SC, ST, PwD and non-creamy layer OBC candidates, which is 15, 7.5, 5 and 27 percent respectively. Wherever Economically Weaker Section (EWS) quota is implemented, 10 percent seats will be reserved for them. Eligibility and other criteria are different in case of Armed Forces Medical Services institutions. There is no reservation in Armed Forces Medical Service Institutions.